The Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport

The standard for road transport emission calculations

The Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) provides emission factors for all current vehicle categories (PC, LDV, HGV, urban buses, coaches and motor cycles), each divided into different categories, for a wide variety of traffic situations. Emission factors for all regulated and the most important non-regulated pollutants as well as fuel/energy consumption and CO2 are included (see Methodology).

HBEFA is a standard data source for emission calculations in numerous studies and other applications (see Use cases). It is the product of a common effort by funding agencies and development partners in six countries (see Contact).

Coordination and application development by INFRAS

Jacek Dylag

Latest News

HBEFA 5.1 info: PM non-exhaust and TT/AT >7,5-14t Euro-7 corrections (version number 5.1.008)

2.7.2026

HBEFA 5.1 info: PM non-exhaust and TT/AT >7,5-14t Euro-7 corrections (version number 5.1.008)

We will implement an update of HBEFA 5.1 tonight, July 2, 2026.

In version 5.1.008 all emission factors for the subsegment TT/AT>7,5-14t Euro-7 have been corrected. This change is only relevant for Switzerlandand Norway, as these countries are the only ones that include this size classin their fleets. This change is also only relevant for emission factor resultsfor future years, as Euro 7 HGV only start entering the fleet in 2027.

Additionally, we would like to inform you that with the 5.1.007 update from May 28, 2026, we“accidentally” corrected an additional error that we only became aware of acouple of days ago:

The calibration factors that adjust PM-nonexhaust emission factors to levels consistent with immission measurements had yet not beenimplemented for HDV. PM-nonexhaust emission factors of HDV were therefore too high.

Re-running the import script for the Version update 5.1.007 (which already contained the implementation but apparently must have not run fully the last time it was executed) implemented the calibration factors and “accidentally” corrected this error.

You as a user are requested to re-query any HDV non-exhaust emission factors that you have queried prior to May 28, 2026.

Software Update

HBEFA 5.1 update – fixed missing EF etc. (version number 5.1.007)

28.5.2026

We will implement an update of HBEFA 5.1 tonight, May 28, 2026.

The following missing emission factors will be fixed:

·       non-regulated pollutants for CNG, FFV, LPG Euro-6 subsegments

·       PN23-ex for UBus HEV Euro V

·       Diesel minicars <250cc

·       CH4/NMHC for TT/AT 7.5-20t Euro VI DE

In addition, the default ambient condition pattern choice for API queries has been fixed, and in the Expert Version, the correct “idfq_scen” is written to the EMOD result metadata.

Software Update

HBEFA 5.1 update – mileage correction LDV with individual traffic situations (version number 5.1.006)

25.2.2026

We will implement another update of HBEFA 5.1 today, Feb 25, 2026:

The mileage correction of air pollutants has not been working when querying emission factors for LDV (light duty vehicles) for individual traffic situations. This will be corrected with Version number 5.1.006.

We will carry out the update tonight, February 25, after 18:00 CET. The server ill be restarted. For users, the update will take effect with the next application restart.

Software Update

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The newest methodology articles for you.

Report

20.10.25

HBEFA 5.1

HBEFA 5.1 Update Documentation

Description of updates with HBEFA Version 5.1

INFRAS, ITnA TU Graz, TU Dresden, ifeu, WSP Sweden, UGE, IVL,SSB

Benedikt Notter, Brian Cox, Konstantin Weller, Martin Opetnik, Martin Dippold, Stefan Hausberger, Stefan Present, Christoph Heidt, Jan Kräck, Michel Allekotte, Wolfram Knörr, Michel André, Boris Vansevenant, Yao Liu, Katja Vuorenmaa Berdica, Thomas Sahlgren, Ake Sjödin, Mike Priestley, Martin Jerksjö, Cecilia Hult, Mona Engedal, Berit Storbraten, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Pinky Kumawat, Likhitha Potturu

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11.9.25

HBEFA 5.1

HBEFA Traffic Situation Application Guidelines

Guidelines for the classification of activity data by the HBEFA Traffic Situations.

INFRAS, WSP Sweden, ifeu Heidelberg

Benedikt Notter, Brian Cox, Katja Vuorenmaa Berdica, Daniel Sahlgren, Jan Kräck, Christoph Heidt

DE
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Report

12.2.25

HBEFA 5.1

Effects of the HBEFA 5.1 version update on emission estimates in European countries

TAP conference Paper on impact of HBEFA 5.1 on estimated emissions in European countries

Infras, TU Graz, ifeu, TU Dresden

B. Notter, B. Cox, S. Schweizer, S. Hausberger, K. Weller, M. Opetnik, M. Dippold, J. Borken-Kleefeld, Ch. Heidt, J. Kräck

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Use Cases of the Handbook

Our Software is used in many projects. Here are some examples.

COPERT

Average-speed based emission model for European national emission inventories

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IMMIS

Air quality model to support clean air plans

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